Alma Guide: Duration of U.S. Work Visas

Introduction

The United States draws skilled professionals from around the world with its career opportunities and global reach. To work legally in the U.S., foreign nationals must secure a valid work visa. This visa not only authorizes employment but also determines how long an individual can stay in the country.

The duration of a work visa depends on factors like the visa type, the job, and the applicant’s background. Some visas are valid for months, while others last for years, and a few even provide a path to permanent residency.

In this guide, we will cover the major U.S. work visas, explain their typical durations, and outline renewal and extension options to help you plan your professional future in the U.S.

Key Takeaways:

• How U.S. work visa durations differ across temporary and permanent visa types
• Why understanding visa expiration vs. authorized stay (I-94) is critical for legal compliance.
• Common timelines for H-1B, L-1, O-1, TN, and E-2 work visas—and how extensions work.
• Steps to transition from a temporary work visa to a green card.
• Risks of overstaying a work visa and how it impacts future immigration eligibility.
• When and why to seek legal support for visa extensions, recapture strategies, or green card planning.

Overview of U.S. Work Visas

The U.S. offers a variety of work visas tailored to foreign nationals with different skill sets, qualifications, and job roles. These visas fall into two primary categories: temporary (non-immigrant) work visas and permanent (immigrant) work visas.

Temporary work visas allow foreign nationals to live and work in the United States for a limited period, usually tied to a specific employer or job offer. 

These are the most common types of work visas and include:

• H-1B Visa – For skilled workers in specialty occupations such as IT, engineering, and finance.
• L-1 Visa – For intracompany transferees relocating from a foreign branch to a U.S. office.
• O-1 Visa – For individuals with extraordinary ability in science, arts, education, or athletics.
• TN Visa – Available to citizens of Canada and Mexico under the USMCA agreement, for certain professional roles.

Each of these visas has specific eligibility requirements, durations, and renewal rules, which we'll cover in following sections.

Employment-based immigrant petitions provide a pathway for foreign workers to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely. These include visa categories like EB-2 and EB-3, typically granted to professionals with advanced degrees or specialized skills.

Whether you're pursuing a short-term project or aiming for long-term residency, choosing the right visa category is the first step toward building a successful career in the U.S.

Duration of Temporary Non-Immigrant Visas

One of the most common questions foreign professionals ask is, “How long does a work visa last in the U.S.?” The answer depends heavily on the type of visa issued, the employer’s petition, and the nature of the job. 

Let’s explore the durations and renewal options for the most widely used temporary (non-immigrant) work visas.

H-1B Visa: Specialty Occupations

The H-1B visa is perhaps the most sought-after U.S. work visa, especially for professionals in fields like information technology, engineering, finance, and healthcare. It allows U.S. companies to employ foreign workers in specialty occupations that require a bachelor’s degree or higher.

• Initial Duration: The standard initial stay on an H-1B visa is three years.
• Extension: It can be extended for an additional three years, bringing the total duration to six years.
• ExtensionsUnder AC21: Under the American Competitiveness in the Twenty-First Century Act (AC21), workers who have begun the green card process may extend their H-1B status beyond six years in one-year or three-year increments, depending on the stage of their application.

When you’re planning to transition to a green card, the H-1B is among the most flexible in this regard.

L-1 Visa: Intracompany Transferees

The L-1 visa enables multinational companies to transfer key employees, such as managers, executives, or specialists, from a foreign office to a U.S. branch.

Note:

• L-1 visas cannot be extended beyond their maximum duration.
• Visa holders may apply for a green card under categories like EB-1C if eligible.

O-1 Visa: Individuals with Extraordinary Ability

The O-1 visa is designed for individuals with extraordinary ability in fields like science, education, arts, sports, or business.

• Initial Duration: The O-1 visa is typically granted for up to 3 years, based on the length of the event, project, or assignment.
• Extensions: There is no set limit on the number of extensions. O-1 visa holders can apply for 1-year increments as long as they continue in the same activity or with the same employer.

For professionals wondering how long a work visa lasts in fields like arts, entertainment, or science, the O-1 offers some of the most flexible timelines with no cumulative cap.

TN Visa: Professionals from Canada and Mexico

Under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), formerly NAFTA, the TN visa allows qualified Canadian and Mexican citizens to work in the U.S. in designated professional roles.

• Duration: TN visas are issued in 3-year increments.
• Renewal: They can be renewed indefinitely, provided the employment continues to meet TN criteria and remains temporary in nature.

The TN visa is ideal for professionals seeking a straightforward entry into the U.S. workforce without long-term immigration commitments.

E-2 Visa: Treaty Investors and Employees

The E-2 visa is available to nationals of countries that have a treaty of commerce with the United States. It is granted to individuals who invest a substantial amount of capital in a U.S. business or are employed by such investors.

• Duration: The visa’s duration varies based on the bilateral treaty agreement with the applicant’s country. It is commonly issued for up to 2 to 5 years.
• Renewal: The E-2 visa can be renewed indefinitely, as long as the business remains active and the applicant continues to meet visa requirements.

The E-2 visa offers a significant advantage. It has no fixed upper limit on duration, making it a strategic choice for entrepreneurs and essential employees seeking long-term opportunities in the U.S

Duration of Permanent (Immigrant) Work Visas

While temporary work visas grant foreign nationals the right to live and work in the U.S. for a limited period, permanent work visas, also known as employment-based immigrant visas, offer a more long-term solution. These visas are intended for individuals who wish to live and work in the United States indefinitely, often with a pathway to U.S. citizenship.

Unlike temporary visas, where the question is often how long a work visa lasts, permanent work visas do not have an expiration date—once granted, they provide lawful permanent resident (LPR) status, commonly known as a green card.

There are five main categories of employment-based immigrant visas:

• EB-1: For individuals with extraordinary ability, outstanding professors and researchers, and multinational executives or managers.
• EB-2: For professionals with advanced degrees or exceptional ability in the sciences, arts, or business.
• EB-3: For skilled workers, professionals, and other workers.
• EB-4: For special immigrants, including religious workers and employees of international organizations.
• EB-5: For immigrant investors who make a substantial investment in a U.S. commercial enterprise.

Green card holders are typically granted permanent residency for 10 years, with the card itself requiring renewal every decade. However, their right to live and work in the U.S. is not time-limited as long as they maintain their status and do not violate immigration laws.

What does the Expiration Date on Your U.S. Work Visa Really Mean?

It’s easy to assume that your U.S. work visa's expiration date defines how long you can stay in the country, but that’s not the case.

The expiration date on your visa simply tells you how long you have to enter the U.S., not how long you can remain. Think of your visa as a travel document that lets you approach a U.S. port of entry. It may be valid for a single entry or allow multiple entries until it expires.

However, having a visa doesn’t automatically guarantee entry. When you arrive, a U.S. immigration officer will decide whether you’re allowed in and for how long. If approved, they’ll issue an admission stamp or provide you with a Form I-94 that includes your authorized stay, either with a specific date or marked as “D/S” (Duration of Status). This means you’re allowed to stay as long as you meet the conditions of your program or employment.

What Happens if Your Work Visa Expires?

The immediate effect of an expired work visa is the loss of legal immigration status, meaning you are no longer authorized to live or work in the U.S. If your authorized stay, as indicated on your I-94, has ended, you may be considered “out of status.” Staying in the U.S. beyond this point can lead to accruing unlawful presence—a serious violation under immigration law.

The length of time you remain unlawfully present can have long-term consequences, including bans from re-entry into the U.S. ranging from three years to ten years, or even permanently in certain cases. Continuing to work after your visa has expired is also a violation of employment laws, which may lead to job termination and negatively impact future visa applications or green card eligibility.

To avoid these consequences, it’s important to take timely and informed action before your visa or authorized stay expires. Depending on your visa type, you may be eligible to apply for an extension, switch to a different visa category, or begin the process for permanent residency. If those options are not available, voluntarily departing the U.S. before your status expires is often the safest choice.

Here’s what you should know:

• You may be considered unlawfully present if you remain in the U.S. after your I-94 expires—even if your visa stamp is still valid.
• The unlawful presence of 180+ days may result in a 3-year reentry bar; 1+ years may lead to a 10-year bar.
• Continuing to work after your visa expires is unauthorized employment and can impact future immigration benefits.
• Deportation proceedings may begin if you're found to be out of status.
• You can apply for a visa extension or a change of status before your current status expires if you are eligible.
• In some cases, you may be able to transition to a green card through employer sponsorship or other paths.
• If no option is available, it's best to depart the U.S. before your status expires and consider reapplying from your home country.
• Always track your I-94 date, not just the visa stamp, to determine your lawful stay duration.

By planning ahead and staying informed, you can protect your legal status and ensure that your professional journey in the U.S. remains on track.

How can Alma help with Your Visas?

Applying for a U.S. work visa can be confusing and stressful. That’s why Alma is here—to make the process easier and help you every step of the way. Whether you're starting a new job in the U.S. or planning to stay longer, we’ve got your back.

Here’s what we do to help:

• We Find the Right Visa for You: There are many types of work visas (like H-1B, L-1, O-1, and more). We’ll help you choose the best one based on your job, skills, and goals.
• Fast Document Work: We prepare and review your paperwork quickly—usually within two weeks—so your application doesn’t get delayed.
• Support From Start to Finish: We’ll guide you through the whole process—from filling out forms to helping your employer and dealing with USCIS.

Want to work in the U.S.? Book a free consultation with Alma today. We’ll help you understand what to do and make the process simple and smooth.

Conclusion

Understanding the duration of a U.S. work visa goes beyond simply marking calendar dates—it’s about aligning your professional goals with immigration timelines, avoiding legal pitfalls, and planning ahead for long-term opportunities. 

Whether you're applying for a temporary non-immigrant visa like the H-1B or L-1, or pursuing a permanent immigrant visa such as the EB-2 or EB-3, knowing how long a work visa lasts—and what affects that duration—is essential.

Each visa type comes with its own rules, validity period, and renewal limits, all influenced by your role, employer petition, and government approvals. Staying informed ensures that you don’t just arrive in the U.S.—you stay, grow, and thrive here legally and confidently.

To learn more about the Visa process and immigration, schedule a free consultation with us! 

FAQs

1. How long is a U.S. work visa valid for?

The validity of a U.S. work visa depends on the visa type. For example, H-1B visas are valid for up to 3 years initially and can be extended to a maximum of 6 years. Some visas, like the O-1, offer flexible extensions, while E-2 visas can be renewed indefinitely as long as conditions are met.

2. What is the duration of a work visa?

Work visa durations vary. Temporary visas like H-1B, L-1, and TN usually range from 1 to 3 years, with options to extend. Permanent work visas (like EB-2 or EB-3) provide a pathway for lawful permanent residency, meaning there's no expiration date on your right to live and work in the U.S.

3. How many years is a U.S. employment authorization document (EAD)?

A U.S. employment authorization document(Form I-765, also called EAD) is typically valid for 1 to up to 5 years, depending on the category under which it was issued. It can be renewed, and holders may later transition to longer-term work visas or green cards.

4. What is the duration of a U.S. visa?

The duration of a U.S. visa refers to how long it’s valid for entry into the U.S. This may differ from how long you’re allowed to stay (authorized stay), which is determined at the port of entry and shown on your I-94 form.

5. How long does a work visa take in the USA?

Processing times for U.S. work visas vary. H-1B processing can take a few months, though premium processing shortens this to 15 business days. Other visa types, like L-1 or O-1, also vary based on USCIS workload and employer preparation.

6. Is the U.S. visa 5 or 10 years?

Some non-immigrant U.S. visa stamps, such as B1/B2 tourist visas, may be valid for 5 or 10 years, depending on the applicant’s nationality. This validity is determined by the U.S. Department of State’s reciprocity schedule, which varies by country. You can check the exact validity for your country here.

In contrast, most work visas, such as H-1B or L-1, typically have shorter initial validity periods, usually 1 to 3 years, though they may be extended up to their maximum allowed duration.

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