Understanding Form I‑551 – Permanent Resident Card (Alma)

Owning a Green Card is more than just a milestone—it’s proof that you’re legally authorized to live and work in the United States. But did you know that the official name for a Green Card is Form I-551? Interestingly, even a stamp in your passport can sometimes serve the same legal purpose.

Whether you're a new permanent resident or have held your Green Card for years, understanding what Form I-551 is—and how it works—is crucial. From the physical card to the temporary stamp issued by USCIS, these documents are key to proving your lawful permanent resident (LPR) status.

Let’s break it down so you can navigate your residency status clearly and confidently.

Key Takeaways:

• What Form I-551 is and why it’s crucial for U.S. permanent residency.
• How the I-551 stamp serves as temporary proof of Green Card status.
• The different types of Form I-551, including the physical card, ADIT stamp, and MRIV.
• Who is eligible for a Form I-551, and what are the steps to apply?
• How to renew, replace, or request a temporary I-551 stamp if needed.
• How Alma can simplify the I-551 application and renewal process.

Also Read: What Is Administrative Processing in U.S. Immigration?

What is Form I-551?

Form I-551 is the official designation for what’s commonly known as the Green Card—the document issued by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to prove an individual’s lawful permanent resident (LPR) status in the United States.

Though the term 'Form I-551' isn’t printed on the front of the card, it's how USCIS and other government agencies refer to it internally and on official documentation.

This card includes important details such as:

• Your full name
• A-number (Alien Registration Number)
• Date of birth
• Country of birth
• Card expiration date
• Your photo and fingerprint for identity verification

Form I-551 is more than just a status indicator—it also plays a crucial role in employment authorization, U.S. reentry, and government service eligibility. A temporary I-551 stamp in a passport can serve as valid proof of permanent residency.

Also Read: Startups in the US That Sponsor H-1B Visas

Form I-551 Stamp

When a new lawful permanent resident enters the U.S. but hasn’t yet received their Green Card, they are given a Form I-551 stamp. This stamp, placed in their passport or on a temporary document by Customs and Border Protection (CBP), serves as temporary proof of their Green Card status.

The Form I-551 stamp, also known as the ADIT stamp (Alien Documentation, Identification, and Telecommunications stamp), confirms that the individual is a lawful permanent resident. It enables them to work, travel, and verify their legal status while waiting for their official Green Card to arrive.

The stamp is typically valid for about one year. The stamp can be used for employment verification, re-entry into the U.S. after travel, and other legal purposes.

Types of Form I-551

While most people think of a Green Card as a single, standard document, Form I-551 actually comes in several different formats. These versions vary depending on your stage in the immigration process and whether your physical card has been issued or is still being processed

Let’s break down the main types:

1. Permanent Resident Card (Physical Green Card)

This is the most common form of I-551. Issued as a wallet-sized plastic card, it includes your photo, A-number, fingerprint, and expiration date.

2. Temporary I-551 Stamp (ADIT Stamp)

If your Green Card has expired or is still being processed, USCIS may issue a temporary I-551 stamp (also known as an ADIT stamp) in your foreign passport.

Pro Tip: This stamp is recognized as proof of status for employment and re-entry into the U.S.

3. Machine-Readable Immigrant Visa (MRIV) with I-551 Notation

New immigrants entering the U.S. through consular processing may have a machine-readable immigrant visa (MRIV) in their passport, annotated with “Upon Endorsement Serves as Temporary I-551”.

Also Read: Starting a Business in the US as an International Student on an F-1 Visa

Uses of Form I-551

Whether you hold a physical Green Card or a temporary I-551 stamp, this document proves your lawful permanent resident (LPR) status. It grants several critical rights and benefits in the United States.

Here are the primary uses of Form I-551:

1. Proof of Legal Residency

Form I-551 is the official documentation that proves you are authorized to live permanently in the U.S. While your permanent residency status doesn’t expire (unless revoked), the physical card does, which is why renewals are essential.

Tip: If your card has expired but you’ve filed Form I-90, be sure to carry proof of your pending application, like a receipt notice or ADIT stamp.

2. Employment Authorization

Employers are legally required to verify that Form I-551, your authorization to work in the U.S., is accepted as List A evidence under Form I-9 rules, confirming your identity and work eligibility.

Documents Accepted:

3. International Travel and Reentry

Your Green Card or temporary I-551 stamp allows you to reenter the U.S. after travelling abroad—typically without a visa. Just ensure you don’t remain outside the U.S. for more than 12 months, or you could risk abandonment of residency. If you’ll be abroad for more than a year, consider applying for a re-entry permit before you leave.

4. Access to Public Benefits

Form I-551 may also be required when applying for certain federal, state, or local benefits, such as a driver’s license, Social Security number, or, in some cases, healthcare programs.

5. Adjustment or Naturalization

Suppose you plan to adjust your status (e.g., from conditional to permanent resident) or later apply for U.S. citizenship. In that case, your Form I-551 will be the primary proof of your legal status and residency duration. From employment to travel and long-term planning, Form I-551 is more than just a document—it’s your key to fully engaging in life as a U.S. permanent resident.

Also Read: O-1 Visa Requirements for Startup Founders

How do you obtain an I-551 stamp (ADIT stamp)?

Getting an I-551 stamp, which acts as temporary proof of your Green Card status, involves a few important steps:

Step 1: Determine If You’re Eligible

You may need an ADIT stamp if:

• You do not have your Green Card, or
• Your Green Card and extension notice have expired, and you have a pending:
  
  • Form I-90 (Application to Replace Green Card),
  • Form I-751 (Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence), or
  • Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization).

Step 2: Contact USCIS Contact Center

Call the USCIS Contact Center to request temporary evidence of your status. An immigration services officer will:

• Verify your identity,
• Confirm your physical mailing address, and
• Check whether your address can receive UPS or FedEx express mail.

Step 3: USCIS Determines Next Steps

Depending on your case:

• You may be scheduled for an in-person appointment, or
• The officer may submit a request to the USCIS field office for mail delivery of the stamp.

Step 4: Receive Your ADIT Stamp by Mail (If Eligible)

If an in-person appointment is not required, the USCIS field office will:

• Review your request,
• Mail you a Form I-94 with:
  
  • An ADIT stamp,
  • A DHS seal, and
  • A printed photo of you from USCIS systems.

Step 5: Visit a USCIS Field Office (If Required)

You will be required to appear in person if:

• You have urgent travel or documentation needs,
• USCIS cannot confirm your identity or address, or
• There is no usable photo of you in USCIS records.

Step 6: Understand Validity Period

• USCIS will determine the validity period of the ADIT stamp based on your individual situation.
• The duration typically does not exceed one year, unless regulations or policies state otherwise.

This new mail-based process reduces the need for field office appointments and speeds up the issuance of temporary evidence for permanent residents. If you're unsure about your eligibility or need help with the process, consider speaking with an immigration attorney or calling the USCIS Contact Center for guidance.

Process and Costs Involved

Whether you're renewing your Green Card (Form I-551) or replacing it due to loss or damage,, it's important to understand the steps, forms, and fees associated with maintaining your Form I-551.

1. Renewal of a Green Card

Most permanent resident cards are valid for 10 years. If yours is set to expire soon, you’ll need to file Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card.

2. Replacement of a Lost, Stolen, or Damaged Card

If your Green Card is lost, stolen, or destroyed, you must also file Form I-90. The process is the same as renewing, but you must indicate that you’re requesting a replacement, not a renewal.

Tip: If you urgently need proof of status (e.g., for work or travel), you can request a temporary I-551 stamp at your local USCIS field office.

3. Fees Involved

As of now, the standard USCIS fee for filing Form I-90 is:

Check for Updates: USCIS fees are subject to change. Always confirm the latest fees on the official fee schedule.

How to Get a Temporary I-551 Stamp?

If your Green Card has expired and you're waiting for a new one, USCIS may issue a temporary I-551 stamp in your passport, also called an ADIT stamp.

In some cases, USCIS may mail the stamp if an in-person appointment is not required.

Maintaining the validity of your Form I-551 is a crucial responsibility for every permanent resident. Renew early, store your card safely, and act promptly if your card is lost or expired.

Handling Expired I-551 Stamps

An I-551 stamp, also known as an Alien Documentation, Identification, and Telecommunication (ADIT) stamp, serves as temporary proof of your lawful permanent resident (LPR) status. It's typically issued when:

• Awaiting Green Card Renewal: You are awaiting the renewal or replacement of your physical Green Card.
• New Permanent Resident: You have recently become a permanent resident and are waiting for your Green Card to arrive.

However, these stamps have an expiration date. If your I-551 stamp is nearing expiration or has already expired, it is important to take the necessary steps to maintain valid proof of your LPR status.

Steps to Take When Your I-551 Stamp Expires

If your I-551 stamp has expired—or is about to—you may wonder how to maintain proof of your lawful permanent resident status. The I-551 stamp is a temporary solution and doesn't replace your physical Green Card. Whether you're waiting for a replacement card or planning international travel, it's essential to understand your options. 

Here are the steps to take when your I-551 stamp expires:

1. Assess Your Situation
   
   • Green Card Renewal or Replacement Pending: If you've filed Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card, USCIS issues a receipt notice extending the validity of your Green Card. As of September 2024, this extension lasts for 36 months from the expiration date on your card. This receipt and your expired Green Card serve as temporary evidence of your LPR status. ​
   • No Pending Application: If you haven't filed for renewal or replacement, it's essential to do so promptly to avoid lapses in valid documentation.​
2. Obtain Temporary Evidence of Status
   
   • Request an ADIT Stamp: If you require immediate proof of your LPR status—perhaps for employment verification or international travel—you can request a new ADIT stamp. Contact the USCIS Contact Center to schedule an appointment at your local USCIS field office.​
   • Mail Delivery Option: In certain cases, USCIS may issue the ADIT stamp via mail without requiring an in-person appointment. During your call to the Contact Center, an officer will determine if you qualify for this service. 
3. Prepare Necessary Documentation
   
   • For In-Person Appointments: Bring the following to your USCIS field office appointment:
     
     • A valid, government-issued photo ID (e.g., passport, driver's license).
     • Your expired Green Card or the receipt notice from your pending Form I-90 application.
     • Any other documents that support your need for temporary evidence.
   • For Mail Delivery: Ensure that USCIS has your current mailing address and that your mailbox can securely receive the document.​
4. Understand the Validity Period
   
   • USCIS determines the validity of an ADIT stamp based on your specific situation. It is typically valid for up to one year. ​
   • It's advisable to monitor the expiration date and take necessary actions before it lapses to maintain continuous proof of your LPR status.​
5. Maintain Compliance
   
   • As an LPR, you're required to carry valid proof of your status at all times. Failure to do so may lead to complications, especially when seeking employment, travelling internationally, or accessing certain benefits.​

An expired I-551 stamp can result in a lack of valid proof of your lawful permanent resident status. To prevent potential issues, proactively monitor the expiration dates of your documentation, promptly file for renewals or replacements, and utilize USCIS resources to obtain temporary evidence when necessary.

Also Read: Key Information for Completing Form I-129 for H-1B Filings

Conclusion

Understanding Form I-551—whether it’s your Green Card or a temporary stamp—is key to protecting your rights as a lawful permanent resident in the U.S. This document proves your status, allows you to work legally, re-enter the country after travel, and access important benefits.

Whether you're renewing an expiring card, replacing a lost one, or dealing with an expired I-551 stamp, staying informed and acting early can save you time and stress. And if things get complicated, you don’t have to handle it alone.

Alma is here to help. We make the immigration process easier, faster, and more personal with expert support, a fast 2-week document turnaround, and a proven record of success. Want to learn more about immigration? Schedule a free consultation with us! 

FAQs

1. What does a temporary I-551 stamp mean?

A temporary I-551 stamp is placed in your passport and acts as temporary proof of your permanent resident status. It’s often given while you wait for a replacement or renewed Green Card.

2. How long is the temporary I-551 stamp valid?

Most I-551 stamps are valid for up to 12 months, depending on your case. It gives you time to get your new Green Card while still proving your status.

3. Can I work or travel with just an I-551 stamp?

Yes. The I-551 stamp allows you to work legally in the U.S. and re-enter the country after international travel, just like the physical Green Card.

4. What do I do if my Green Card is lost or expired?

You need to file Form I-90 to renew or replace your Green Card. While that’s processing, you can request a temporary I-551 stamp if you urgently need proof of your status.

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