H-1B to O-1 Visa: What to Know Before Making the Switch

Key Takeaways

The O-1 visa offers more flexibility than the H-1B in some areas and less in others.
To get an O-1, you need to show documented evidence that you’ve risen to the top of your field.
The O-1 doesn’t require a college degree or a certain salary, unlike the H-1B, which has stricter job and education rules.
Switching from the H-1B to an O-1 means gathering strong evidence, getting a sponsor, and making sure you apply before your H-1B expires.

Both the H-1B and O-1 visas let foreign nationals live and work in the U.S. temporarily, but they come with different rules, benefits, and long-term possibilities. Because of this, some people switch from an H-1B to an O-1, especially if their H-1B is about to expire and they want to keep working in the U.S.

But should you make the change? That depends on your professional background, life plans, timing, and how well your accomplishments align with the O-1 eligibility criteria.

In this article, we’ll explore how the two visa types compare, what to know before switching, and how the O-1 can offer a more flexible and self-directed path, particularly for those with strong achievements in their field.

Thinking about switching from H-1B to O-1? Speak with a legal expert to get an honest assessment before you apply.

H-1B vs. O-1: Which to Choose?

The H-1B visa is a mainstream path for skilled professionals in specialty occupations, while the O-1 is reserved for foreign nationals who are at the very top of their field and demonstrate extraordinary ability or achievement.

Below, we compare the pros and cons of both work visas.

Why Consider the O-1 Visa?

Advantage	Details
Natural pathway to the faster, merit-based EB-1A Green Card	The O-1 and EB-1A share similar "extraordinary ability" legal standards (sustained national/international acclaim and being among the top of the field), though the EB-1A standard is significantly higher. You can also apply for an EB-1A green card directly from H-1B status. But since both the EB-1A and O-1 require extensive evidence of extraordinary ability, the petition standards often overlap. For countries with long visa backlogs (e.g., India, China), EB-1A can move significantly faster than EB-2 or EB-3. EB-1A doesn’t require PERM labor certification, unlike EB-2 and EB-3.
Reduces uncertainty about duration of stay and renewal	H-1B status is capped at 6 years (with some post-6-year extensions tied to green card milestones). O-1 status can be extended indefinitely in one-year increments, as long as qualifying work continues.
Better professional flexibility and autonomy	O-1 status can cover multiple employers or projects via separate petitions or an agent petition with an itinerary of engagements. In some cases, founders can have their own U.S. company sponsor them, provided the corporate structure supports a bona fide employee-employer relationship. The O-1 has no prevailing wage or LCA requirement, unlike the H-1B. O-1 cannot be used for open-market freelancing; all work must fall under the approved petition.
No educational requirements	The O-1 doesn’t require a degree or a specialty occupation. The H-1B requires at least a bachelor’s degree (or equivalent) in a specialty occupation.
Agent-based sponsorship allowed	O-1 petitions may be filed by an employer or a qualified agent (including for multiple engagements with a proper itinerary). H-1B requires a single employer sponsor and a more rigid employment structure.

O-1 Visa Limitations

Downside	Details
Burden of proof and documentation	Petitioners must prove they meet the O-1’s high eligibility bar by providing evidence they’re among the best in their field. O-1 visa petitions require substantial documentation, frequently involving hundreds of pages of evidence. The O-1 application process generally requires obtaining an Advisory Opinion from an appropriate peer group or labor organization. Applicants can’t petition on their own behalf and require a U.S. employer or agent to file Form I-129.
Dependents cannot work	Spouses and children don’t get work authorization. If they want to work, they must qualify for their own independent status that allows employment (e.g., their own O-1, H-1B, E-2, or another appropriate category). However, spouses and children can study.
Potential travel complications, if pursuing a Green Card	Although O-1 is not listed in statute as a "dual intent" category, consular and CBP guidance explicitly allow O-1 holders to have immigrant intent (including approved immigrant petitions) without that alone causing a problem for O-1 visas or entries. However, once you file Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status), travel becomes restricted: unless you first obtain Advance Parole, departing the U.S. is generally treated as abandoning your I-485. Unlike the H-1B and L-1, O-1 doesn’t have a regulatory exception to this abandonment rule.
Limited scope of work	O-1 status cannot be used to freelance in the open market. You’re only authorized to perform services for specific, identified events.

Why Consider the H-1B Visa?

Advantage	Details
Dual intent status	The H-1B visa is dual intent, which allows a straightforward Green Card process, especially for renewals and travel.
Work authorization for dependents	H-1B visa holders can bring their spouse and children on H-4 dependent visas, and H-4 spouses may apply for work authorization in certain circumstances (e.g., if the H-1B spouse has an approved I-140).
Changing employers is straightforward and fast	Work for a new U.S. employer may begin once a non-frivolous H-1B petition is filed and received by USCIS, assuming you’ve been maintaining valid H-1B status.

H-1B Visa Limitations

Downside	Details
Has an annual cap	The H-1B nonimmigrant visa is subject to a strict annual cap and uses a visa lottery system for selection.
Must be tied to one specific employer	You're only authorized to provide services to the H-1B petitioning employer (no other external project work, freelancing, etc.).
Employer must pay a prevailing wage	The H-1B visa requires employers to pay a minimum prevailing wage based on the job title and region.
Time limits and procedural uncertainty	The H-1B visa is temporary, with an initial approval up to three years and a maximum duration of six years in most cases.

Who’s Eligible for the O-1?

To qualify, you must demonstrate extraordinary ability in your field, backed by sustained national or international recognition. This generally means being among the small percentage of foreign nationals who have reached the top of their profession.

There are two types of O-1 visas:

O-1A — for individuals in the sciences, education, business, or athletics.
O-1B — for individuals in the arts, motion pictures, or television.

This guide focuses on the O-1A, since it aligns more closely with the professional backgrounds of many H-1B visa holders in business, science, and technology. Our article on O-1 visa examples also highlights people we’ve helped secure the visa.

To be eligible for the O-1A, you must either have received a major internationally recognized award (like the Nobel Prize or an Olympic medal) or meet at least three of the eight USCIS criteria:

1. Receipt of nationally or internationally recognized awards or prizes for excellence in your field

We’ve seen successful applicants that were Forbes 30 Under 30 honorees, recipients of competitive research grants, or winners of global design awards like Red Dot.

2. Membership in associations requiring outstanding achievements

Petitioners sometimes point to acceptance into highly selective accelerators like Y Combinator or Techstars, or serving on invitation-only steering or advisory boards based on their merit.

3. Published material in major media or trade publications

In past successful petitions, applicants have included features in outlets like TechCrunch, The Wall Street Journal, or other respected media that highlighted their work and impact.

4. Participation as a judge of the work of others in the field

Examples submitted in successful past cases included applicants serving on startup competition juries, accelerator selection panels (like SkyDeck), or angel investor screening committees.

5. Original contributions of major significance

Development of groundbreaking technology, methodologies, or products that are widely adopted and have demonstrably transformed or advanced the field. For example, we’ve seen a petitioner who launched an open-source tool with 200k+ creators for Zealy.io, and who was cited in major media outlets.

6. Authorship of scholarly articles in professional publications

This can include peer-reviewed journal articles, technical whitepapers, or influential essays published in recognized industry outlets.

7. Leading or critical roles in distinguished organizations

We’ve seen successful petitioners in C-suite or startup founder roles in YC-backed companies with significant institutional funding and high valuations.

8. High salary or other exceptional compensation

This involves showing earnings, whether through salary, equity, or bonuses, that place the petitioner in the top tier of their field, adjusted for role, industry, and location.

The professional achievements you’ve built during your H-1B years might serve as evidence toward meeting the O-1’s "extraordinary ability" criteria. In the next section, we detail what this transition typically involves.

If you’re interested in knowing whether you qualify for the O-1, you can book a free consultation with us to check your eligibility.

Switching from the H-1B to the O-1

Below are the key steps in submitting an O-1 petition while you’re still on an H-1B:

1. Find a U.S.-Based Sponsor (Employer or Agent)

To switch from the H-1B visa to the O-1, you’ll need a U.S. sponsor to file the petition on your behalf. This can be a traditional employer offering a specific role, or an authorized agent who allows you to work across multiple engagements — such as freelance projects, consulting work, or collaborations — under a single O-1 petition.

2. Prepare the Petition

Next, you’ll assemble a petition that proves you meet the O-1 visa’s "extraordinary ability" standard. This typically involves gathering evidence such as awards, publications, letters of recommendation, and documentation of your professional impact — enough to satisfy at least three of the eight eligibility criteria.

You’ll also need to secure an Advisory Opinion from a recognized peer group, labor union, or management organization in your field supporting your qualifications.

Traditionally, this stage can take months due to the volume of materials and the constant back-and-forth with attorneys. Alma streamlines the process: once you submit your materials to us, we finalize the petition within two weeks.

We assure this short turnaround time by guiding clients through a detailed case questionnaire and by onboarding them to our in-house platform, which automates document tracking, provides automatic notifications, and replaces slow, manual email chains with fast, centralized communication.

3. File the Petition for a Change of Status (Form I-129)

Once the petition and all supporting documents are ready, your sponsor (U.S. employer or agent) files Form I-129 with USCIS to request a change from H-1B to O-1 status. To avoid any gap in status, it’s best to file at least six months before your H-1B status expires.

The processing time for the O-1 visa is generally 4 to 6 months. However, you can pay a filing fee of $2,805 for premium processing, which guarantees a response within 15 business days.

While Form I-129 is pending it’s also advisable to not travel internationally, as USCIS will take this as abandoning your change of status request.

If you have dependents (a spouse or children under 21) on H-4 status, they’ll need to file Form I-539 at the same time, to request a change to O-3 visas.

4. USCIS Review & Approval

If your petition is approved, you’ll receive Form I-797 (Notice of Action). You can begin working in O-1 status on the start date listed in the approval. USCIS may also issue a Request for Evidence (RFE) if they need additional information before making a decision.

If your H-1B status is ending or you’ve been laid off, you may have a 60-day grace period (or until your I-94 expires, whichever comes first) to remain in the U.S. You must file your O-1 petition within this window to maintain lawful status.

5. Consular Processing & U.S. Entry

If you're approved for a change of status inside the U.S., your status will switch automatically on the "Valid From" date listed on your approval notice. However, if you travel internationally afterward, you’ll need to attend a visa interview at a U.S. consulate to obtain an O-1 visa stamp before returning.

During the interview, consular officers may ask about your qualifications and supporting evidence, so it’s important to be prepared to discuss the details of your petition.

In some cases, the consulate may issue a 221(g) notice, indicating the visa application is under additional review. This typically requires submitting further documents before a final decision can be made.

Once your visa is approved and issued, you may travel to the U.S. and present your documentation to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) at the port of entry to activate your O-1 status and begin employment.

Work Directly with Alma

Alma helps high-achieving, foreign-born professionals gain more control over their careers by offering clearer visa pathways, greater flexibility, and an efficient process for transitioning from an H-1B visa to the O-1.

We maintain a 99%+ approval rate for O-1 petitions and make the application process fast, strategic, and low-risk:

Once your documents are in, we build and file your O-1 petition within two weeks. With premium processing, most clients receive a USCIS decision within 4–6 weeks.
You'll partner directly with a senior immigration attorney (rather than with a paralegal or assistant), each of whom has 10+ years of experience and knows how to translate achievements, press, and leadership roles into winning evidence.
You can reach your attorney directly at any time for legal advice through email or our in-house platform, which makes the application process transparent and efficient.
No hidden costs. Our fee includes everything: petition prep, filing, RFE responses, and refiling if needed.

Book a free consultation to assess your eligibility and receive a tailored plan based on your timeline, profile, and goals.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is It Easier to Get a Green Card with an O-1 Visa or an H-1B?

It might be somewhat more straightforward to apply for a Green Card from an H-1B visa because it’s a dual-intent category, meaning you can pursue permanent residency without risking your current status.

The O-1 visa isn’t explicitly dual intent, so the Green Card process can appear a bit more complex. However, many O-1 visa holders qualify for EB-1A, which is often approved faster than other Green Card categories.

In short, the H-1B visa offers a simpler, more standard path, while the O-1 can be quicker but more challenging to qualify for.

How Much Will It Cost to Switch from the H-1B to the O-1?

Switching from H-1B to O-1 usually means your new employer or agent files an O-1 petition (Form I-129) requesting a change of status with USCIS, or you apply for an O-1 visa at a consulate abroad. Total costs in the industry generally range from $8,000 to $10,000 (and often more), depending on the legal services you choose and whether you opt for premium processing.

Alma charges $8,000 for preparing your petition and getting a USCIS decision within 4–6 weeks (if you opt for premium processing with USCIS). This is a flat fee with no hidden costs and includes responses to RFEs and refiling your petition in cases of denial.

What Is the O-1 Approval Rate?

The average O-1 visa approval rate has hovered above 90% for the past couple of years. This reflects several factors, including changes in government policy and the fact that most applicants already meet the O-1’s "extraordinary ability" criteria before applying.

The consistently high approval rate also comes from well-prepared petitions with ample documentation and legal support, which are essential for meeting U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services’ rigorous evidentiary standards and avoiding delays or denials.

Author

Ragini Inguva

Paralegal & Legal Writer

Ragini Inguva is a Legal Writer and Paralegal at Alma, specializing in immigrant and nonimmigrant visa petitions with a focus on talent visas. She previously worked at Fragomen’s Silicon Valley office and holds dual degrees in Politics and Legal Studies from UC Santa Cruz. Passionate about equity and advocacy, she brings experience across immigration law, education, and technology.

Reviewer

Jihan Merlin

Head of Immigration Strategy at Alma

Jihan (Jina Hassan) Merlin is an Immigration Attorney and Head of Immigration Strategy at Alma, where she leads efforts to build smarter, faster, and more human immigration solutions. With over a decade of experience advising individuals, startups, and Fortune 100 companies, she combines legal expertise with technology to design scalable immigration programs. A graduate of Boston College Law School, Jihan is passionate about innovation in process and improving every stage of the immigration journey.

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